سااااااااعدوني

[غدووور]

بدي طلب منكم يا اعضاء وباقرب فرصة

بحث عن الماض البسيط والمضارع البسيط والمقارنة بينهم
بس الشرط انه يكون باللغة الانجليزية
ارجوكم

[قمر الزمان]

The following table shows the sub-divisions of the three major tenses:









\


\


1-



Simple presentمضارع بسيط




Referring to Present Habits /Repeated Actions:

Let us begin by considering the following examples which clearly refer to present habits or repeated events and activities:


I listen to the news every morning.
We go to work by bus.
My father sends me an e-mail everyday.
I usually wake up at six o’clock in the morning.

Notice that an adverb showing how often the action is done is commonly used in such contexts (e.g. everyday* once a week* etc.) . The following is a representative list of frequency adverbs and expressions:



once/twice/three times a day/week/month/year
every day/night/week/morning/evening/month/year
often* usually* always* frequently*
weekly* daily* annually
rarely* never* seldom



2. Expressing Ideas* Opinions* and Feelings:

This use does not refer to actions. It rather refers to likings* dislikings* attitudes* beliefs and other mental states: e.g.


I like classical music.
She knows a lot about the Arab World.
Ali enjoys listening to Arabic poetry.

3. Expressing Facts and General Truths:

Facts can be proved by scientific experiments or empirical evidence. The following examples are self-explanatory:

· Water boils at 100° Centigrade.
· The River Jordan pours into the Dead Sea.
· Two and two make(s) four.

General truths* on the other hand* are things that are generally known to be true but cannot be proved by scientific evidence as in the following example:

· Arabs are hospitable and friendly.
· Mothers are more tolerant with children than fathers are.
· Girls are more disciplined than boys.


4. Future Events:

The simple present is also used to refer to future events. This is particularly so if the future event is seen as a fact; i.e. something determined in advance by a certain authority/administration or system. The following are some self-evident examples :

· KU flight No. 219 departs at 2:30 p.m. next Thursday.
· Our finals begin next week.
· Christmas falls on a Thursday this year.
· According to the plan we meet at Euston Station at 6:45 a.m.


1.2. Revising the Simple Present : Sentence Formation



NEGATIVE SENTENCES



As you know from EL111* the rule for changing a statement whose main verb is in the simple present tense into a question is quite simple. Consider the following examples:


I like cheese → I do not (don't) like cheese.
He speaks English fluently → He does not (doesn't) speak English fluently.

Rule 1: Add do not or does not (or the contracted form don't / doesn’t) in front of the verb. Remember that we use the s-form (i.e. doesn't) with third person singular nouns and pronouns (he* she* it).

Rule 2 : If the verb in the sentence is a form of the verb BE (i.e. is* are * am) * we don't use do or does. We simply add not. Notice also that with is and are* we often use the contracted form: e.g.
is + not → isn't
are + not → aren't
The following are representative examples:

· This is an interesting course
This is not (isn’t) an interesting course.
· The kids are happy in their new school.
The kids are not (aren’t) happy in their new school.
· I am a postgraduate student.
I am not a postgraduate student.

[قمر الزمان]

1.2. Revising the Simple Past : Use

As you no doubt know from EL111* the basic function of the simple past is to refer to a completed past event or action. The completion of the action is often signalled by a past adverb or expression like yesterday* last year* an hour ago* etc. . The following short passage about Oum Kalthoum ( borrowed from: On Target 1: Student Book* 2000: p. 35) illustrates how the simple past is used in an authentic text. Read the passage carefully paying special attention to the words and phrases in bold type (i.e. past tense verbs and past expressions and adverbs):


Oum Khalthoum was one of the most famous singers of the 20th century. She grew up in a village in Egypt. Her father sang religious songs at weddings and other events. When he noticed his daughter’s voice* he gave her lessons and included her in his performances. She didn’t go to the university* but she soon became very successful.

Oum Khaltrhoum was popular because she had a powerful voice. When she performed* people really listened. She recorded 300 songs and made six movies. Even today you can hear her music all over the Middle East.


1.3. Revising the Simple Past : Sentence Formation

Consider the examples in each sub-section below and then examine the rule that follows the examples. The examples and the accompanying rules show how sentences whose main verb is in the simple past are converted into negative and interrogative sentences (yes/no questions) .


1.3.1. The Verb BE / Negative


He was here → He wasn't here.
There were downstairs → They weren't downstairs.


RULE

was
+ not → wasn't (or was not)
weren't (or were not)
wer

1.3.2. The Verb BE / Interrogative

The following examples are meant to show how sentence whose main verb is BE ( was / were) are converted into questions ( i.e. interrogative sentences):
· Ali was here.




· Was Ali here?
RULE
Invert the subject and the verb.








RULE
1. Add did not or didn't.
2. Use the basic/root form of the verb.











RULE
1. Place did at the beginning of the sentence.
2. Change simple past into basic form of the verb (worked → work)



باختصااااااااار

الماضي البسيط
الو كلمات تدل عليه
متل

yesterday ...ago... last week .... last ........

in 1999 اي تاريخ قديم
على طول بتحطي الفعل بالتصريف الماضي

V2 التصريف التاني

متل

play..>> played

وهيك

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